System architecture Figure 1 illustrates the system architecture, which comprises various components: a mobile application, management platform, server (either cloud-based server or local server), LoRa gateway, and end nodes. Both the mobile application and management platform enable users to operate the end nodes, monitor their status, and receive uplink messages. The server is a pivotal component …
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Icon generation model based on GANs The GAN is a network structure composed of generators and discriminators. The generator aims to generate samples similar to real data, while the discriminator aims to distinguish between the generated samples and real data. Through continuous adversarial learning, the generator gradually improves the fidelity of the generated samples, enabling …
The steady laminar 2D ternary nanoliquid flow across an inclined permeable cylinder/plate is considered under the consequences of heat source/sink, permeable medium and mixed convection in the present study. For the preparation of TNF, the MgO, CoFe2O4 and TiO2 are dispersed in water. The flow coordinates and physical view is shown in Fig. 1a,b. Here, \(x\) …
Simulated annealing algorithm (SA) The Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SA) serves as a global optimization methodology, drawing inspiration from the annealing process observed in metallurgy. As a metaphorical mimicry of cooling material to attain a state of minimum energy, this algorithm endeavors to secure the best possible solution to a given problem through a progressive refinement …