A recently discovered macaw breeding center in the desert Southwest is providing early evidence of exotic animal husbandry in the region. Previous studies have already indicated that Indigenous people began breeding parrots in captivity over 1,000 years ago. However, this new study reveals that scarlet macaws were bred in captivity even earlier than previously thought, dating back to the 1100s. Archaeologists examined eggshell fragments found at the Mimbres archaeological site in Southwestern New Mexico and used non-destructive scanning electron microscopy to identify fetal development inside the eggs. The study found clear evidence of macaw chick development, suggesting that macaws were indeed being bred at the site during the 1100s.
This finding aligns with other archaeological and genetic evidence supporting the breeding of scarlet macaws in captivity by Indigenous people throughout the American Southwest and Mexican Northwest. Previous DNA analysis of macaw remains found they were inbred, indicating the presence of a small breeding center. The cultural significance of macaws and parrots to Indigenous peoples is evident in their use as symbols of the sun and their inclusion in rituals and ceremonies. The acquisition of these non-native birds required considerable care and effort, highlighting their importance.
Overall, this study provides further evidence of early scarlet macaw breeding in the desert Southwest and sheds light on the influential role these birds played in the development of prehistoric societies in North America and Mesoamerica. The breeding of macaws served a specific purpose and met the growing demand for a highly valuable commodity, contributing to economic specialization in these ancient societies.
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